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1 lusophone countries
Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > lusophone countries
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2 lusophone countries
общ. португалоязычные [португалоговорящие\] страны (общее название стран, в которых официальным языком является португальский: Португалия, Ангола, Бразилия, Кабо-Верде, Гвинея-Бисау, Мозамбик, Сан-Томе и Принсипи)See: -
3 Community of Portuguese language countries
The Community of Portuguese Language Countries (Comunidade dos Paises de Língua Portuguesa, CPLP) was founded at a meeting of presidents and other leaders of the Lusophone (Portuguese-speaking) countries at Belém, Portugal, 17 July 1996. That meeting, a constituent summit, brought together leaders of the seven countries whose official language is Portuguese: Portugal, Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea- Bissau, Cape Verdes, São Tomé, and Príncipe. Belém, this cultural summit's venue, held a symbolic, historical significance for the conferees since they met only a short distance from the historic Tower of Belém and from the embarkation point of Vasco da Gama's 1497-99 voyage, which pioneered an all-water route from Portugal to India.The Community of Portuguese Language Countries did not experience an easy birth. Despite earlier postponements, the July 1996 Summit was successful, but some key issues divided the membership. Several members, most notably, Brazil, showed scant interest in the project. Further, while the language question—the common use of Portuguese—was intended to be a unifying element, sometimes language issues were divisive. For example, West African CPLP member Guinea-Bissau has joined a Francophone (French-speaking) community in West Africa, and the use of Portuguese is giving way there to that of French. Also, a more important CPLP member, Mozambique, has effectively joined The Commonwealth, an Anglophone community, since its principal neighbors in southern Africa are Anglophone. Unlike the cited Francophone and Anglophone communities, however, the CPLP has an official center or headquarters (in Lisbon), as well as a budget and constituent bureaucratic organs.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Community of Portuguese language countries
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4 Angola
сущ.общ. Ангола (республика; столица — Луанда; государственный язык португальский; национальная валюта — кванза)See:kwanza, Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, Southern African Development Community, African Union, Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, developing countries, least developed countries, less developed countries, lower middle-income countries, severely indebted, Sub-Saharan Africa, lusophone countries, IDA country -
5 Guinea-Bissau
сущ.общ. Гвинея-Бисау (республика; столица — Бисау; государственные языки португальский и креольский; национальная валюта — франк КФА BCEAO, до 1997 г. — песо Гвинеи-Бисау)See:CFA franc BCEAO, CFA franc, Guinea-Bissau peso, West African Economic and Monetary Union, Central Bank of West African States, Economic Community of West African States, African Union, developing countries, least developed countries, less developed countries, low-income countries, severely indebted, Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, IDA country, Sub-Saharan Africa, lusophone countries -
6 Mozambique
сущ.общ. Мозамбик (республика; столица — Мапуту; государственный язык португальский, национальная валюта — метикал)See:metical, Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents, Commonwealth of Nations, Southern African Development Community, African Union, Bank of Mozambique, developing countries, least developed countries, less developed countries, less indebted, low-income countries, Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, IDA country, Sub-Saharan Africa, lusophone countries -
7 Sao Tome and Principe
общ. Сан-Томе и Принсипи (республика; столица — Сан-Томе; государственный язык португальский; национальная валюта — добра)See: -
8 sequential moves
т. игр последовательные ходы (ситуация, когда игроки принимают решения последовательно)Ant:metical, Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents, Commonwealth of Nations, Southern African Development Community, African Union, Bank of Mozambique, developing countries, least developed countries, less developed countries, less indebted, low-income countries, Heavily Indebted Poor Countries, IDA country, Sub-Saharan Africa, lusophone countries -
9 Cape Verde
сокр. CV общ. Кабо-Верде (республика; столица — Прая; государственный язык португальский, национальная валюта — эскудо Кабо-Верде)Syn:See: -
10 Brazil
сущ.общ. Бразилия (республика; столица — Бразилиа; государственный язык португальский; национальная валюта — бразильский реал)See:real II а), cruzado, cruzeiro, cruzeiro real, Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, Group of Eleven, Group of Twenty, Latin American Free Trade Association, Latin American Integration Association, Latin American Economic System, Organization of American States, Cairns Group, Mercosur, Central Bank of Brazil, developing countries, less developed countries, newly industrializing country, lower middle-income countries, severely indebted, Big Emerging Markets, Southern Cone, lusophone countries, Brady Plan -
11 Portugal
сущ.общ. Португалия (республика; столица — Лиссабон; государственный язык португальский; валюта — евро, до 2002 г. в качестве национальной валюты использовалось португальское эскудо)See:euro, Portuguese escudo, European Patent Convention, Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalization for Foreign Public Documents, Schengen Agreement, Wassenaar Arrangement, European Union, European Monetary Union, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Australia Group, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization, Visa Waiver Program, Bank of Portugal, eurozone, developed countries, advanced economies, high-income countries, lusophone countries -
12 Fado
Traditional urban song and music sung by a man or woman, to the accompaniment of two stringed instruments. The Portuguese word, fado, derives from the Latin word for fate ( fatum), and the fado's usage does not distinguish the sex of the singer. Traditionally, wherever the fado is performed, the singer, the fadista—who is often but not always a woman wearing a shawl around her shoulders—is accompanied by the Portuguese guitarra, a 12-stringed mandolin-like instrument or lute, and the viola, a Spanish guitar. There are at least two contemporary variations of the fado: the Lisbon fado and the Coimbra or university student fado. While some authorities describe the song as typical of the urban working classes, its popularity and roots are wider than only this group and it appears that, although the song's historic origins are urban and working class, its current popularity is more universal. The historic origins of the fado are not only obscure but hotly debated among scholars and would-be experts. Some suggest that its origins are Brazilian and African, while others detect a Muslim, North African element mixed with Hispanic.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, there was talk that the fado's days were numbered as a popular song because it seemed an obsolete, regime-encouraged entertainment, which, like a drug or soporific, encouraged passivity. In the new Portugal, however, the fado is still popular among various classes, as well as among an increasingly large number of visitors and tourists. The fado is performed in restaurants, cafes, and special fado houses, not only in Portugal and other Lusophone countries like Brazil, but wherever Portuguese communities gather abroad. Although there do not appear to be schools of fado, fadistas learn their trade by apprenticeship to senior performers, both men and women.In fado history, Portugal's most celebrated fadista was Amália Rodrigues, who died in 1999. She made her premier American debut in New York's Carnegie Hall in the 1950s, at about the same time Americans were charmed by a popular song of the day, April in Portugal, an American version of a traditional Portuguese fado called Fado de Coimbra, about Coimbra University's romantic traditions. The most celebrated fadista of the first decade of the 21st century is Marisa dos Reis Nunes, with the stage name of Mariza, who embodies a new generation of singers' contemporary interpretation of fado. The predominant tone of the Lisbon variation of the fado, sung often in the areas of Alfama, Mouraria, Bairro Alto, and Alcântara, is that of nostalgia and saudade — sadness and regret. Traditionally, the Coimbra version has a lighter, less somber tone. -
13 Emigration
Traditionally, Portugal has been a country with a history of emigration to foreign lands, as well as to the overseas empire. During the early centuries of empire, only relatively small numbers of Portuguese emigrated to reside permanently in its colonies. After the establishment of the second, largely Brazilian empire in the 17th century, however, greater numbers of Portuguese left to seek their fortunes outside Europe. It was only toward the end of the 19th century, however, that Portuguese emigration became a mass movement, at first, largely to Brazil. While Portuguese-speaking Brazil was by far the most popular destination for the majority of Portuguese emigrants in early modern and modern times, after 1830, the United States and later Venezuela also became common destinations.Portuguese emigration patterns have changed in the 20th century and, as the Portuguese historian and economist Oliveira Martins wrote before the turn of the century, Portuguese emigration rates are a kind of national barometer. Crises and related social, political, and economic conditions within Portugal, as well as the presence of established emigrant communities in various countries, emigration laws, and the world economy have combined to shape emigration rates and destinations.After World War II, Brazil no longer remained the favorite destination of the majority of Portuguese emigrants who left Portugal to improve their lives and standards of living. Beginning in the 1950s, and swelling into a massive stream in the 1960s and into the 1970s, most Portuguese emigrated to find work in France and, after the change in U.S. immigration laws in the mid-1960s, a steady stream went to North America, including Canada. The emigration figures here indicate that the most intensive emigration years coincided with excessive political turmoil and severe draft (army conscription) laws during the First Republic (1912 was the high point), that emigration dropped during World Wars I and II and during economic downturns such as the Depression, and that the largest flow of Portuguese emigration in history occurred after the onset of the African colonial wars (1961) and into the 1970s, as Portuguese sought emigration as a way to avoid conscription or assignment to Africa.1887 17,0001900ca. 17,000 (mainly to Brazil)1910 39,0001912 88,000 (75,000 of these to Brazil)1930ca. 30,000 (Great Depression)1940ca. 8,8001950 41,0001955 57,0001960 67,0001965 131,0001970 209,000Despite considerable efforts by Lisbon to divert the stream of emigrants from Brazil or France to the African territories of Angola and Mozambique, this colonization effort failed, and most Portuguese who left Portugal preferred the better pay and security of jobs in France and West Germany or in the United States, Venezuela, and Brazil, where there were more deeply rooted Portuguese emigrant communities. At the time of the Revolution of 25 April 1974, when the military coup in Lisbon signaled the beginning of pressures for the Portuguese settlers to leave Africa, the total number of Portuguese resident in the two larger African territories amounted to about 600,000. In modern times, nonimperial Portuguese emigration has prevailed over imperial emigration and has had a significant impact on Portugal's annual budget (due to emigrants' remittances), the political system (since emigrants have a degree of absentee voting rights), investment and economy, and culture.A total of 4 million Portuguese reside and work outside Portugal as of 2009, over one-third of the country's continental and island population. It has also been said that more Portuguese of Azorean descent reside outside the Azores than in the Azores. The following statistics reflect the pattern of Portuguese emigrant communities in the world outside the mother country.Overseas Portuguese Communities Population Figures by Country of Residence ( estimates for 2002)Brazil 1,000,000France 650,000S. Africa 600,000USA 500,000Canada 400,000Venezuela 400,000W. Europe 175,000 (besides France and Germany)Germany 125,000Britain (UK) 60,000 (including Channel Islands)Lusophone Africa 50,000Australia 50,000Total: 4,010,000 (estimate)
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